Abstract
In this paper, the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is applied as a recent metaheuristic optimization algorithm to reduce energy losses and capture the size of incorporating a battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaics (PV) within a distribution system. AOA is designed with revelation from Archimedes’ principle, an impressive physics law. AOA mimics the attitude of buoyant force applied upward on an object, partially or entirely dipped in liquid, which is relative to the weight of the dislodged liquid. Furthermore, the developed algorithm is evolved for sizing several PVs and BESSs considering the changing demand over time and the probability generation. The studied IEEE 69-bus distribution network system has different types of the load, such as residential, industrial, and commercial loads. The simulation results indicate the robustness of the proposed algorithm for computing the best size of multiple PVs and BESSs with a significant reduction in the power system losses. Additionally, the AOA algorithm has an efficient balancing between the exploration and exploitation phases to avoid the local solutions and go to the best global solutions, compared with other studied algorithms.
Highlights
The penetration of PV systems into the electric grid has been increased in most countries to take advantage of the environment as well as the economic benefits
This paper shows a conception of involving a hybrid PV and battery energy storage system (BESS) in residential, industrial, and commercial distribution systems, taking into account the system energy loss
Where fb(s) refers to the s distribution function of Beta and s refers to the arbitrary variable of solar radiation in kilowatt per meter square; α and β refer to the parameters of fb(s) which are computed exploiting the standard deviation (σ) and mean deviation (μ) as shown in (18)
Summary
The penetration of PV systems into the electric grid has been increased in most countries to take advantage of the environment as well as the economic benefits. Authors in [28] have presented a methodology to calculate the BESS size for shaving of peak load and power balance used in case of connecting PV energy system with the grid. In [29], authors have presented a methodology to compute the BESS size for raising the penetration of the PV energy system in case of residential system load with the objectives of voltage regulation and decreasing in maximum output power and yearly cost. Based on the characteristics of the loads served, every PV-BESS hybrid that can provide reactive and active power with the optimum power factor may positively reduce energy losses in distribution systems. AOA is applied to reduce the en3erogf y28 losses and capture the size of incorporating a PV energy system and BESS in a distribution network. Qrf and Prf represents the reactive and active power drawn from substation in RDS, respectively
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