Optimal impulsive blood glucose control through multiple injections

Abstract

Despite numerous advances in glycemic control based on the artificial pancreas, Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) are still the most common method in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. In the present study, an optimal impulsive control approach is introduced to attain a safe range of blood glucose considering the daily life factors, including food intake and exercise. Depending on the food intake and exercise, the proposed impulsive control signal can determine the optimal exogenous insulin dosages per day. MDI program for type 1 diabetic patients due to several overeating conditions, with and without exercise, is a blood glucose control program. This program can conveniently help the patients to manage unwanted conditions such as missed insulin injections or meals. The recommended approach is investigated on the comprehensive glucose-insulin model of diabetic subjects, and it effectively determines the time and magnitude of the insulin injection dosages. Based on the simulation results, three times injection mode in terms of hypoglycemia and severe hyperglycemia risks is efficient and dosages times and magnitudes are well determined in different food intake scenarios by the proposed approach. This approach can significantly help physicians to regulate blood glucose in a sophisticated optimal, reliable route.