Abstract
The integration of smart grid and Internet of Things (IoT) has been facilitated with the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs). However, due to EVs’ random mobility and different interests of energy demand, there exists a significant challenge to optimally schedule energy supply in IoT. In this paper, we propose a secure game theoretic scheme for charging EVs supplied by mobile charging stations (MCSs) in IoT, considering the dynamic renewable energy source. Firstly, the charging system composed of MCSs is developed to implement the charging service. Secondly, when the secure charging scheme of EV users is designed, the utility function of each entity in the charging system is formulated to express the trading relationship between EV users and MCSs. Moreover, with consideration of the competition and cooperation, we propose a Stackelberg game framework with sub-noncooperative optimization. Thirdly, the existence and uniqueness of both Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) and Nash equilibrium (NE) are theoretically analyzed and proved. Through the presented distributed energy scheduling algorithm, we can achieve the optimal solution. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposal through comparison with other existing schemes.
Highlights
More and more attention is paid to Internet of ings (IoT), which can connect physical devices, vehicles, and other items to the Internet without human intervention [1]. e wireless communication technology in IoT has a great potential to facilitate the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations in the smart grid
Considering the security of energy charging, an evaluation mechanism is analyzed and discussed. Given both RE and TE, we model the interplay among EV users, renewable energy operators (REOs), and traditional energy operators (TEOs). irdly, by jointly maximizing their own profits, this charging problem is formulated as an optimization problem
Based on the parameters set above, we investigate the relationship between the influence coefficient and the dividing percentage of the charging energy from mobile charging stations (MCSs)
Summary
More and more attention is paid to Internet of ings (IoT), which can connect physical devices, vehicles, and other items to the Internet without human intervention [1]. e wireless communication technology in IoT has a great potential to facilitate the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations in the smart grid. Compared with FCS, MCS can supply the charging energy to EV users in a less waiting time. It motives us to take the further research to study the randomness of MCS’s energy supply as well as the security and stability of energy charging It opens the new opportunities for the energy management of MCSs in real time. By deploying the wireless communication, we develop a two-sided network system in IoT In this system, EV users can exchange the information with MCSs, which can be charged with enough energy from MCS in real time. Considering the security of energy charging, an evaluation mechanism is analyzed and discussed Given both RE and TE, we model the interplay among EV users, renewable energy operators (REOs), and traditional energy operators (TEOs).
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