Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for frequency regulation in a microgrid involving renewable energy sources (RES) using a dynamic controller, which is an output feedback controller (OFC). The parameters of OFC are tuned by searching the design space of the controller. Since the RES model is not exactly known, the uncertain model is derived and the OFC is considered for it. The goal of controller tuning is to find appropriate parameters of the controller such that the norm of frequency deviations, even in presence of uncertainties in the RES parameters is minimized. An algorithm based on searching the controller design space is suggested to find the suitable controller gains. The algorithm assumes the controller parameters lie in a convex space and searches the space systematically such that an appropriate solution is found. The method is proved mathematically and two theorems are mentioned, accordingly. Finally, a simulated model of a RES is utilized for algorithm evaluation and the results demonstrate the algorithm capability in optimal frequency regulation.