Abstract
In this paper, we propose a framework for optimal energy scheduling combined with a transaction mechanism to enable multiple microgrids to exchange their energy surplus/deficit with others while the distributed networks of microgrids remain secure. Our framework is based on two layers: a distributed network layer and a market layer. In the distributed network layer, we first solve optimal power flow (OPF) using a predictor corrector proximal multiplier algorithm to optimally dispatch diesel generation considering renewable energy and power loss within a microgrid. Then, in the market layer, the agent of microgrid behaves either as a load agent or generator agent so that the auctioneer sets a reasonable transaction price for both agents by using the naive auction-inspired algorithm. Finally, energy surplus/deficit is traded among microgrids at a determined transaction price while the main grid balances the transaction. We implement the proposed mechanism in MATLAB (Matlab Release 15, The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) using an optimization solver, CVX. In the case studies, we compare four scenarios depending on whether OPF and/or energy transaction is performed or not. Our results show that the joint consideration of OPF and energy transaction achieves as minimal a cost as the ideal case where all microgrids are combined into a single microgrid (or called grand-microgrid) and OPF is performed. We confirm that, even though microgrids are operated by private owners who are not collaborated, a transaction-based mechanism can mimic the optimal operation of a grand-microgrid in a scalable way.
Highlights
IntroductionOn 12 December 2015, in Paris, France, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21)
On 12 December 2015, in Paris, France, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the ParisAgreement
Our results show that combining optimal power flow (OPF) with energy transaction, which is practical to preserve the privacy of each microgrid, achieves almost the same performance to the case of grand-microgrid; the gap of operational cost is only 0.063%, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism
Summary
On 12 December 2015, in Paris, France, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21). In [13], the authors considered an energy management system (EMS) that performs load side management and schedules diesel generation as well as ESS charging/discharging In doing this, they proposed a distributed optimization algorithm to effectively control local load and DG within a short time. Previous work assumed that all generators or loads in a microgrid are connected to a single bus and optimal power flow within the microgrid was not considered. In this regard, we investigate a transaction-enabled OPF problem to combine efficient energy transaction with optimal power flow. Energy transaction between microgrids is performed using the naive auction-inspired algorithm that indifferently determines the transaction price
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