Abstract
The proposed optimal energy management system balances the energy flows among the energy consumption by accelerating trains, energy production from decelerating trains, energy from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, energy storage systems, and the energy exchange with a traditional electrical grid. In this paper, an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is formulated by optimizing the total cost of operation of a railroad electrical system. The railroad system considered in this paper is composed of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar PV systems, regenerative braking capabilities, and hybrid energy storage systems. The hybrid energy storage systems include storage batteries and supercapacitors. The uncertainties associated with wind and solar PV powers are handled using probability distribution functions. The proposed optimization problem is solved using the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). The simulation results show the suitability and effectiveness of proposed approach.
Highlights
Nowadays, electrical systems are facing several new challenges to deal with the integration of intermittent renewable-based energy sources
This paper has presented an approach for the efficient operation of railroad electrical systems in the multi-source environment considering the renewable energy resources, regenerative braking, and hybrid energy storage systems
An AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is formulated by optimizing the total operating cost of the system
Summary
Electrical systems are facing several new challenges to deal with the integration of intermittent renewable-based energy sources. An approach for the optimal operation of railroad electrical systems considering RERs, regenerative braking, and hybrid energy storage systems is proposed in [4]. The problem of optimally sizing the hybrid storage systems installed in railway systems, considering the effect of regenerative braking, is proposed in [13]. Proposes an optimal operation of a railroad electrical system including renewable energy resources (RERs), a hybrid energy storage system (battery storage and supercapacitors), and the regenerative braking capabilities of trains. Formulates an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem by considering the total operating cost minimization objective of a railroad electrical system subjected to various equality and inequality constraints. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the modeling and uncertainty handling of renewable energy resources and energy storage systems.
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