Abstract
First, an optimal spatial distribution model is proposed of population sizes in a country. The objective function to be examined consists of the amount of interaction benefit which is formulated by means of accessibility, and the amount of intraaction congestion cost which is measured by means of population density. Second, the optimal population distribution is obtained by use of this optimization model, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal solution is given. Third, based upon the data analysis of population distribution in Japanese prefectures in 1975, it is shown that the Japanese population is undergoing suburbanization and that this leads to the optimal population distribution. Last, this model is used to obtain and analyze the optimal grid system population distribution of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.
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