Abstract
With the increase in multi-energy loads and renewable energy (RE) penetration, the valley-to-peak value of the electric-heat system is gradually increasing. Although the integrated energy system (IES) and power-to-hydrogen (P2H) technology are widely used to improve energy efficiency and promote the consumption of REs, the dispatch strategies for the IES with P2H to provide integrated demand response (IDR) are not investigated clearly. Thus, this paper presents an optimal dispatch strategy for the IES to provide IDR with multiple P2H technologies. Firstly, a unified mathematical model is built for describing multiple P2H technologies with joint consideration of start/shutdown and ramping constraints. Then, a bi-level P2H-coupled IDR dispatch model is built where the upper level is the IES model including P2H and hydrogen storages with consideration of electric/gas/thermal multi-energy coupling, and the lower level is a flexible user model including transferrable and reduced loads. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition and big M methods are used to reformulate the lower-level user model into several complementary relaxation constraints. Then, the whole model is transferred into a solvable single level and linearized model. Finally, the case study shows that the proposed method can improve system flexibility and effectively reduce load peak-to-valley difference. Besides, the addition of P2H and HS into the IES can further optimize the whole economic profits, energy efficiency, and ability to consume REs.
Highlights
With the stern situation of the carbon emission problems, the penetration of renewable resource (RE) is further increasing
This paper constructs an integrated energy system (IES) and user interaction framework containing P2H and hydrogen storage (HS) based on the background of IES optimal dispatch
An integrated demand response (IDR) optimal dispatch model is established for power source–load–storage interaction
Summary
With the stern situation of the carbon emission problems, the penetration of renewable resource (RE) is further increasing. The integrated energy system (IES) is a new energy utilization form to combine multiple energy, which can greatly enhance the holistic energy efficiency and comprehensive capability to consume REs. the IES is recognized as a fit resource to provide integrated demand response (IDR) (Wang et al, 2017; Feng and Zhang, 2018; Jiang et al, 2021; Liu, 2021). The needs for IDR are more and more multiple, which makes the IES uneasy to get sufficient economics by providing IDR under current. It is necessary to put focus on modeling and optimized dispatching and controlling methods for the IES to provide IDR for earning more profits while enhancing the consumption of REs at the same time
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