Optimal design of PI/PD dual mode controller based on quasi opposition based learning for power system frequency control

Abstract

Due to uncertain load deviations in the unified power system, it becomes more challenging to uphold the system frequency at a constant desired value. The secondary controller has a significant role in damping the oscillations of frequency and interline power at a faster rate. Here a novel PI/PD dual mode controller (DMC) is suggested to regulate the frequency of unified system comprising renewable and conventional sources of power generation. The various sources of generation instigated in the dual-area system are hydro, diesel, thermal, PV, wind and battery energy storage system (BESS). The gains of the PI/PD DMC are suitably obtained by the novel application of quasi opposition based Sine Cosine Algorithm (QOBSCA) algorithm. The dynamic outcomes of the model are examined with the application of abrupt load deviation of 0.02 per unit in control area 2. During this deviated loading condition QOBSCA algorithm is utilized to achieve the appropriate gains of PID and PI/PD dual mode controller in view of a time based fitness function denoted as integral time absolute error (ITAE). Considering few response evaluative indices like overshoots, settling time and undershoots the ascendency of the projected PI/PD dual mode controller is recognized over popular PID controller during the abnormal loading condition. Additionally, the efficacy of the mentioned PI/PD dual mode controller is verified by applying arbitrary load pattern in control area 2. The robustness of the mentioned control schemes is also evidenced by confirming the stable response during system parameter deviations.