Abstract
The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is used to design the microvascular networks embedded in self-healing polymeric materials. And the fluid simulation software Fluent is used to validate the optimization result obtained by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Two objective functions are considered, namely, the void volume fraction and flow efficiency. A total of 222 solutions are obtained, and the head loss is in the range of (3.88 × 10−7 m, 2.36 × 10−6 m), whereas the void volume fraction is in the range of (4.39%, 5.12%). The simulation velocities are close to optimization velocities. The average error rate of selected solutions (a), (b), and (c) is 22.6%, 26.4%, and 35.2%, respectively.
Highlights
In the modern society, polymer matrix composites (PMC) are being widely used in many areas, such as aerospace industry, automotive, and construction due to their advantages including high specific strength and stiffness, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic transparency manufacturability, and design flexibility
This section starts with the description of a typical multi-objective optimization using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and compared with the fluid simulation results to verify the reliability of network optimization
The head loss is in the range of (7.33 3 1027 m, 1.83 3 1026 m), and the void volume fraction is in the range of (4.81%, 5.13%) at generation t = 1000
Summary
Polymer matrix composites (PMC) are being widely used in many areas, such as aerospace industry, automotive, and construction due to their advantages including high specific strength and stiffness, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic transparency manufacturability, and design flexibility. In the process of the use and transportation of the polymer composites, the material is prone to produce microcrack when suffered excessive stress, cyclic mechanical, and overload. Once the micro-crack is generated, with the crack growth, the properties of the polymer composites material will decrease dramatically. Eventually cause the failure of the polymer composites material. One way to solve the problem is to repair the material in time when the micro-crack is generated.[1,2] Self-healing materials are capable to repair the micro-crack autonomically to ensure the performance of the material, thereby avoiding the failure of material and prolonging the service life of the material
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