Abstract
In this paper, designing a hybrid stand-alone photovoltaic/wind energy system with battery storage (PV/WT/Batt) is presented to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system and considering reliability constraints for Zanjan city in Iran country considering generation and load uncertainties. The total cost includes the cost of the system components and load losses cost and also deficit power probability-hourly interruption probability index, which is defined as the reliability constraint. The optimal size of the system components is found using an improved crow search algorithm based on mutation and crossover operators of the genetic algorithm to prevent premature convergence. The optimal designing of the hybrid system is implemented considering the uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind resources as well as the load demand of the system based on the probability distribution functions of uncertain parameters using Monte Carlo simulation. The simulations are implemented in two deterministic and probabilistic scenarios. In the deterministic scenario, the optimal design of various combinations of the hybrid system is investigated in view of the system cost and deficit power probability probability-hourly interruption probability index based on the improved crow search algorithm with and without the cost of load loss. The results of the deterministic scenario showed that the system cost is increased considering the cost of load loss, but the system load is supplied with higher reliability. Also, the deterministic results cleared the superiority of the improved crow search algorithm compared with conventional crow search algorithm and particle swarm optimization methods. Moreover, the results of the system designing showed that considering the uncertainty, the system cost increases, and the reliability is significantly improved. The results cleared that the system cost in deterministic and probabilistic designing is obtained 1.0108 M$ and 1.210 M$, respectively for load supply equal to 153.87 MWh. So, due to the inherent nature of the uncertainty in the renewable resources power generation as well as continuous load changes, a probabilistic approach of the hybrid system designing is necessary to know the accurate cost and reliability.Article highlightsEffective performance of the proposed method in system designing with lowest cost and higher reliability.Achieving to a more reliable hybrid energy system with considering cost of load losses in designing.Increasing the system the cost and improving the reliability considering uncertainties of generation and load.
Highlights
Using of renewable energy has grown exponentially
In this paper designing framework for a hybrid PV/wind turbines (WTs)/Batt system is presented with the objective of minimizing the TCHS and satisfying the deficit power probability probability-hourly interruption probability (DPPHIP) as reliability constraint considering the uncertainty of PV and wind generation and load demand for the Zanjan city in Iran country
The simulation results are presented for different approaches such as deterministic and probabilistic methods with and without the uncertainty, respectively
Summary
Using of renewable energy has grown exponentially. Different countries, considering their industrial capabilities and geographical potentials, are trying to benefit from these resources. The hybrid PV/WT/Batt system design is implemented with annual cost minimization and reliability enhancement by Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) in [15] These studies show that using a powerful optimization method, sizing of the components can be found in such a way that the lowest cost is achieved with the best reliability. As can be seen from previous research, most studies of stand-alone hybrid systems designing are presented as deterministic and without considering the uncertainty of renewable energy resources generation and load demand. Grid-off hybrid PV/WT/Batt system designing is presented with the uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind power generation and load demand using radiation and wind speed real data in Zanjan region, Iran country. The designing problem is solved as deterministic and the probabilistic approach based MCS is implemented using renewable generation power and system load demand.
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