Abstract
Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are one solution foraddressing the challenges that major airports are facing today, such asupward price trends of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, greenhouse gasemission regulations, and stricter noise and air pollutant emissionregulations, especially for on-ground pollution. An airport can also beviewed as the center of a hydrogen ecosystem, around which multiplehydrogen users could be clustered, with cost sharing of hydrogenproduction and storage occurring among users. The main novelty of thepresent work is the design of a hydrogen infrastructure irrigated by theairport ecosystem that satisfies the airport ecosystem energy needs. Forthis purpose, the model development is based on a multiobjectiveoptimization framework designed to consider four echelons: energysources, hydrogen production, transportation, and storage. Themultiperiod problem is then solved using thee-constraint method.Two objective functions are involved, that is, the total daily cost (TDC) of the network and an environmental indicator basedon the global warming potential. The second innovative contribution is to model the demand uncertainty using fuzzy conceptsfor a hydrogen supply chain design. Because hydrogen demand is one the most significant parameters, the uncertainty of thedemand has been considered using a proposed fuzzy linear programming strategy. The solutions are compared with the originalcrisp model, giving more robustness to the proposed approach. This work has been performed in the framework of the Hyportmeta-project and, in particular, within the“H2modeling”project. This paper focuses on a hydrogen airport ecosystem located inthe department of Hautes-Pyrenees (France). However, the developed methodology could be extended to other hydrogenecosystems for which deployment involves a multiperiod multi-objective formulation under an uncertain demand
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