Abstract
An approximation based on the singular perturbation method for the mean time to lose lock (MTLL) of a noncoherent second-order delay-locked loop (DLL) is derived. Such a loop is essential in direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems. The influence of loop offset due to a constant acceleration (Doppler rate) between the transmitter and receiver, as well as the optimal choice of the loop parameters due to the synchronization error, is studied. >
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