Abstract
A water supply network is an essential part of industrial and urban water systems. The water intake in a conventional water supply network varies periodically over time, depending on the amount of available water resources and the demand at water sinks or water-using units. This paper establishes a super-structural mathematical model for the optimal design and operation of a multi-period water supply network with multiple water sources. It considers the flow rate fluctuation of raw water availability and the demand of water sinks during different periods. The influence of multi-period demand variation on technology and the capacity selection of desalination water stations is examined, which affects the overall cost of the water supply network. The operating cost penalty factor is introduced, which quantitatively clarifies how the network operating status influences the operating costs. The comparison results of three scenarios considering with and without multi-period variation of water demand verify the validity of the proposed model, i.e., for a municipal water price of 4 CNY·t−1 and penalty factor of 0.3, one reverse osmosis desalination unit of capacity 800 t·h−1 is selected. However, in the multi-period case, two reverse osmosis desalination units with capacities of 500 t·h−1 and 300 t·h−1 are selected. In both cases, the operating costs are different because of the different operating status of the network. The work can guide the design and operation of industrial and urban water supply networks.
Highlights
Rapid socio-economic development has brought increasing pressure on natural resources, mainly on freshwater
This work proposed an mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model based on super-structural optimization of a multi-period water supply network, including the seasonal variation of water demand in different sinks
We analyze the effect of the variation of water price and penalty factors on the technology and capacity selection of desalination water stations
Summary
Rapid socio-economic development has brought increasing pressure on natural resources, mainly on freshwater. It has been reported that the gap between supply and demand for freshwater resources and the environmental water pollution caused by wastewater discharge is becoming more and more serious [1,2,3,4]. Implementing optimal water management methods and increasing public awareness of water conservation can reduce the overall water and supply–demand gap and wastewater discharge. Along with water conservation problems, one other concern regarding the operating status of the network during seasonal variations is crucial, which is directly linked with the technology and capacity selection of the desalination station and the economic performance of the water supply network. The operational issues regarding operational load status due to seasonal variations are ignored in previous studies and need acute attention
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