Abstract
Demand response (DR) is an important factor contributing to achieve a balance between energy production and demand in Smart Grids. DR plays a key role in the use of residential energy allowing to improve the load management, electrical grid reliability, to reduce energy demand during peak hours and to minimize the use of energy in face of increasing energy prices. This article proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy to manage the energy resources of a residential microgrid combined with DR techniques, such as load curtailment, that promotes short term reduction of electricity demand in pre-defined hours. In particular, the presented approach encompasses degradation issues of the Energy Storage System (ESS), the cost of the electricity, renewable energy generation, and other operational constraints. The developed control strategy is able to maximize microgrid economical benefit, while minimizing the degradation of the ESS, reducing electricity consumption during the day, and fulfilling the different operational constraints. The proposed strategy is validated in an experimental renewable-energy based microgrid platform for different climatic conditions. The obtained results demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control and management strategy.
Highlights
The fast increase of electrical energy demand due to the technological development of the electrical/electronic equipment in the last years and the constant changes in the price and market structure has caused several problems and challenges for the electrical grid
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS In order to validate the proposed management and control strategy, some experiments are carried out using the experimental microgrid platform shown in Fig.1, to verify the performance of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller acting in conjunction with Demand response (DR) by monitoring the microgrid behavior during a period of 24h
The MPC controller in conjunction with DR has effectively managed the energy in the residential microgrid using both storage systems, main grid power, renewable energy generation under different climate
Summary
The fast increase of electrical energy demand due to the technological development of the electrical/electronic equipment in the last years and the constant changes in the price and market structure has caused several problems and challenges for the electrical grid. Based on the above cited works, the main contributions of this paper are summarized as follows: 1) Develop a MPC controller able to optimally allocate energy resources of a residential microgrid, even in the presence of sudden disturbances, due to demand and renewable generation; 2) Propose a DR through load curtailments at pre-defined peak consumption times, providing benefits for prosumers and utilities; 3) Establish a DR integrated to an MPC formulation for calculating on-line optimal reference signals for energy management; 4) Maximize economic benefits of the microgrid ensuring lower energy exchange with the main grid; 5) Establish operational constraints considering manufacturers’ parameters taking into account the degradation of the equipment and acquisition costs.
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