Abstract
This paper presents a new model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for considering the uncertainty of electric vehicles’ charging station’s load in a day-ahead operation optimization of a smart micro-grid. In the proposed model, some uncertain effective factors on the electric vehicles’ charging station’s load including battery capacity, type of electric vehicles, state of charge, charging power level and response to energy price changes are considered. In addition, other uncertainties of operating parameters such as market price, photovoltaic generation and loads are also considered. Therefore, various stochastic scenarios are generated and involved in a cost minimization problem, which is formulated in the form of mixed-integer linear programming. Finally, the proposed model is simulated on a typical micro-grid with two 60 kW micro-turbines, a 60 kW photovoltaic unit and some loads. The results showed that by applying the proposed model for estimation of charging station load, the total operation cost decreased.
Highlights
Smart micro-grids (MGs) enable intelligent devices to adjust usage based on dynamic pricing or incentive signals
Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are more appropriate both in terms of environmental pollution and energy costs compared to internal combustion engine vehicles [6]
The proposed optimization problem is applied to a typical smart MG including two 60 kW similar micro-turbines, one 60 kW PV system, one EVs charging station and some loads
Summary
Smart micro-grids (MGs) enable intelligent devices to adjust usage based on dynamic pricing or incentive signals. They facilitate the integration of intermittent renewable resource and allow storage devices like electric batteries to discharge the stored energy back to the grid when it is economical [1,2,3]. An EV’s charging station as a load aggregator can be a good solution to manage EVs and PHEVs more in the smart MG and to increase consumer welfare In this case, consumers can charge their vehicles and sell energy stored in their battery to the smart MG [7]. We look for the papers in which the uncertainty of EVs loads is modeled
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