Abstract
Since the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), several researchers have been exploring its productivity to utilize and organize the spectrum assets. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is characterized as the best aspirant for wireless communications to augment IoT competencies. In the CR networks, secondary users (SUs) opportunistically get access to the primary users (PUs) spectrum through spectrum sensing. The multipath issues in the wireless channel can fluster the sensing ability of the individual SUs. Therefore, several cooperative SUs are engaged in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to ensure reliable sensing results. In CSS, security is still a major concern for the researchers to safeguard the fusion center (FC) against abnormal sensing reports initiated by the malicious users (MUs). In this paper, butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA)-based soft decision method is proposed to find an optimized weighting coefficient vector correlated to the SUs sensing notifications. The coefficient vector is utilized in the soft decision rule at the FC before making any global decision. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is compared for a variety of parameters with existing schemes through simulation results. The results confirmed the supremacy of the proposed BOA scheme in both the normal SUs’ environment and when lower and higher SNRs information is carried by the different categories of MUs.
Highlights
Exponential growth in mobile devices and rising demand of data rates pose challenges to mobile network operators [1]
Big data generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices will be largely computed and stored using Cloud which further requires high bit rate and low latency offered by 5G for faster and cost-effective transmission of data [4,9]
The current best coefficient vector in the initial population with minimum error Pe is selected as wg and the consequent β is selected as the current best threshold
Summary
Exponential growth in mobile devices and rising demand of data rates pose challenges to mobile network operators [1]. The coefficient vectors determined by the proposed BOA-based SDF scheme are further employed in the SDF scheme at the FC to get concluding remarks of the channel availability In this the received sensing reports of the normal and MUs are adjusted with the help of the optimum coefficient vector and matched with the BOA identified optimum threshold. Simulation outcomes of the error probabilities are collected at multiple variations of: (1) sensing samples; (2) population size of the optimization algorithms; (3) algorithm iterations; (4) total number of cooperative SUs. The results validated the improvement in, sensing response of the CSS with minimum sensing error, high detection, and low false alarms for the proposed BOA-based SDF scheme in comparison with the MGC-SDF, PSO-SDF, and GA-SDF schemes. Algorithm of the BOA-based SDF is shown in Tabs. 2 and 3 shows the simulation parameters
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