Optimal Control of a Free Boundary Problem with Surface Tension Effects: A Priori Error Analysis

Abstract

We present a finite element method along with its analysis for the optimal control of a model free boundary problem with surface tension effects, formulated and studied in [H. Antil, R. H. Nochetto, and P. Sodré, SIAM J. Control Optim., 52 (2014), pp. 2771--2799]. The state system couples the Laplace equation in the bulk with the Young--Laplace equation on the free boundary to account for surface tension. We first prove that the state and adjoint systems have the requisite regularity for the error analysis (strong solutions). We discretize the state, adjoint, and control variables via piecewise linear finite elements and show optimal $O(h)$ error estimates for all variables, including the control. This entails using the second order sufficient optimality conditions of [H. Antil, R. H. Nochetto, and P. Sodré, SIAM J. Control Optim., 52 (2014), pp. 2771--2799] and the first order necessary optimality conditions for both the continuous and discrete systems. We conclude with two numerical examples which examine the various error estimates.