Optimal Control for Cleaner Hybrid Vehicles: A Backward Approach

Bruno Jeanneret,Serge Pélissier,Alan Keromnes,Luis Le Moyne,Alice Guille Des Buttes

doi:10.3390/app12020578

Abstract

This work presents an application of the optimal control theory to find trade offs between fuel consumption and pollutant emissions (CO, HC, NOx) of sustaining hybrid vehicles. Both cold start and normal operations are considered. The problem formulation includes two state variables: battery state of energy and catalyst temperature; and three control variables: torque repartition between engine and motor, spark advance, and equivalence ratio. Optimal results were obtained by delaying the first engine crank after the urban part of the mission. The results show that a quick catalyst light off is performed. Once the catalyst is primed, special control parameters values are adopted to operate the engine.

Highlights

The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) is a global greenhouse gas inventory developed by the Joint Research Centre at the European Commission [1]
A recent study conducted by Vincent et al [2] shows that for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario RCP 4.5, in which greenhouse gas emissions decline after 2050 and concentrations stabilize towards the end of the 21st century, the Argentière glacier might disappear towards the end of the 21st century and the Mer de Glace surface area could decrease by 80%
The efficiency improvement is less than 2% between φ = 0.97 and φ = 1.0, and the value φ = 0.97 emits a very large amount of NOx

Summary

Introduction

The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) is a global greenhouse gas inventory developed by the Joint Research Centre at the European Commission [1]. Recent results show that global fossil CO2 emissions increased by 1.9% in 2018 and 0.9% in 2019. China (3.4%) and India (1.6%) increased their emissions in 2019, representing 30.3%, and 6.8% of the global total, respectively. A recent study conducted by Vincent et al [2] shows that for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario RCP 4.5, in which greenhouse gas emissions decline after 2050 and concentrations stabilize towards the end of the 21st century, the Argentière glacier might disappear towards the end of the 21st century and the Mer de Glace surface area could decrease by 80%. The glaciers of the Alps will almost all disappear within 80 years

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion