Abstract
The technical, economic, and environmental constraints related to the construction of new transmission lines are complex issues related to the definition of points for connecting new offshore wind farms (OWFs) to the grid. In this context, it has become an important research topic to choose the best OWF connection point to a power system, among some geographically close to each other within a given region, aiming at ensuring maximum generation capacity of the wind farm and safe use of existing transmission network. The objective of this work is to present a methodology to determine the optimal OWF connection point in a power system, with maximum penetration of firm wind power and minimum loss, considering security constraints related to the “N−1” contingency criterion, exchange limits between areas, and a strategy to reduce the number of constraints in the optimization problem. The algorithm is modeled using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP), and it is evaluated in a tutorial system and three well-known other networks from literature: IEEE 14-Bus, IEEE RTS-79, and Southern Brazilian System.
Highlights
Renewable energy is receiving more attention due to growing concerns about the environment and the depletion of conventional energy sources based primarily on fossil fuels
A Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) is introduced in the present paper to handle the nonlinear nature of the problem and the integer binary variables that are proposed to represent switches’ statuses, which are associated to the options for connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) to a candidate bus of a power system
The present paper proposes to include only the active constraints, i.e., the constraints for lines whose thermal limits are violated in the economic dispatch, to the MINLP of Step 5. is procedure seeks to obtain computational efficiency in the optimization process avoiding a large and unnecessary number of constraints. e strategy proposed in the present paper significantly reduces the percentage of the number of constraints that are active in the optimization problem, as will be seen in the case studies in items 3 and 4
Summary
Renewable energy is receiving more attention due to growing concerns about the environment and the depletion of conventional energy sources based primarily on fossil fuels. Is paper proposes a novel methodology to determine the optimal connection point of a transmission system for injecting the power from OWF with the purpose of maximizing the wind energy penetration with minimum network loss, among some candidate buses “k” geographically close to each other within a given region, connected or not by a “n” possibilities of switches “swk,” as illustrated by Figure 1. (i) A novel and e cient approach based on MINLP to determine the best network connection point for injecting OWF power that maximizes the wind energy penetration and minimizes the transmission losses (ii) e proposal of a strategy for representing the transmission line constraints in the optimization problem, which allows the e cient incorporation of the “N − 1” contingency criterion to the problem for security analysis.
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