Optimal Configuration of Grid-connected Microgrid Considering Real-time Electricity Price

Abstract

With the upgrading of the “carbon peak and neutrality” policy to a national strategy, high penetration renewable energy grid connection becomes a necessary path for power development. In order to improve the safety, stability and economy of distribution network operation, this paper introduces a price-based demand response model and proposes an optimal configuration method for wind power, photovoltaic system, diesel generator, and battery storage grid-connected microgrid based on real-time electricity price. At the source side, the number of diesel units and energy storage units is calculated with the lowest comprehensive cost of distributed power planning as the objective function under the premise that wind turbines and photovoltaic units are determined. At the load side, according to the demand-price elasticity matrix model, the minimum absolute value of the difference between the power of the electric load and the power generated by renewable energy at 24 moments a day is used as the objective function to calculate the real-time electricity price and derive the electric load after demand response. After alternate iterations of both source and load, the optimal configuration of the microgrid is obtained. The results of the simulation study on a regional microgrid show that the optimization model can effectively reduce the configuration capacity of diesel engines and storage batteries, increase the penetration rate of renewable energy, and increase the economic and environmental benefits of the microgrid while ensuring the reliability of power supply and enhancing the interests of users.