Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly gaining popularity, especially with the advent of many artificial intelligence (AI) driven applications and expert systems. Such applications require specific relevant sensors’ data to be stored, processed, analyzed, and input to the expert systems. Obviously, sensor nodes (SNs) have limited energy and computation capabilities and are normally deployed remotely over an area of interest (AoI). Therefore, proposing efficient protocols for sensing and sending data is paramount to WSNs operation. Nodes’ clustering is a widely used technique in WSNs, where the sensor nodes are grouped into clusters. Each cluster has a cluster head (CH) that is used to gather captured data of sensor nodes and forward it to a remote sink node for further processing and decision-making. In this paper, an optimization algorithm for adjusting the CH location with respect to the nodes within the cluster is proposed. This algorithm aims at finding the optimal CH location that minimizes the total sum of the nodes’ path-loss incurred within the intra-cluster communication links between the sensor nodes and the CH. Once the optimal CH is identified, the CH moves to the optimal location. This suggestion of CH re-positioning is frequently repeated for new geometric position. Excitingly, the algorithm is extended to consider the inter-cluster communication between CH nodes belonging to different clusters and distributed over a spiral trajectory. These CH nodes form a multi-hop communication link that convey the captured data of the clusters’ nodes to the sink destination node. The performance of the proposed CH positioning algorithm for the single and multi-clusters has been evaluated and compared with other related studies. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed CH positioning algorithm.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are types of networks made of a large number of lightweight, small sized sensor nodes (SNs) that are used for sensing and monitoring purposes
It is important to mention that since the cluster head (CH) nodes are allocated in pre-defined locations identified by the spiral trajectory; each CH is aware of the hop CH that will relay the traffic to the sink node in a multi-hop paradigm
Static routing is show the effect on network performance of moving the CH to the calculated optimal location based on the proposed algorithm
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are types of networks made of a large number of lightweight, small sized sensor nodes (SNs) that are used for sensing and monitoring purposes. Another challenge that affects WSN lifetime is the distribution of sensor nodes among the network or cluster, since in most cases, the SNs are deployed randomly in the AoI and are supplied with the same initial energy. The rest of the challenging issues in WSN [1,2] To address this challenge, several techniques, protocols and algorithms focusing on how to optimize energy consumption, reduce transmission interference and enhance the nodes lifetime have been proposed. Section illustrates the are classified into a as cluster master node2known as CH,the and other cluster sensor nodes3known as SNs. Each cluster contains at least one CH, and it is responsible of gathering data from all the clusters’ SNs. the paper is concluded, future work and sending this data to the sinkand node or the BS, is asdiscussed illustratedininSection.
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