Abstract
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has gained immense popularity ever since it offers many advantages as compared to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. One millions of PHEVs are estimated to be in the USA market by 2015. Uncoordinated PHEV charging will cause significant impacts to the power grid; i.e. lines and transformers overload and voltage drops. Appropriate charging methods should be used to minimize the impacts of PHEV charging activities and at the same time minimize daily charging cost. This paper presents methods used to charge the PHEV battery namely price-based charging, load-based charging and SOC-based charging. Evolutionary programming (EP) is then used to optimize the charging rate and SOC thus minimizing the charging cost. Charging cost is calculated based on real time electricity price i.e. Locational Marginal Price (LMP). Since the data pattern for LMP is similar throughout the week, the day-ahead price model is used to calculate charging cost. Results from the study indicated that charging strategies used produces different impacts to the grid. Moreover charging cost may vary from one method to another. Optimization of charging rate and SOC hence minimized charging cost is done by EP.
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