Abstract
Trading on the energy market is a possible way to reduce the electricity costs of charging electric vehicles at public charging stations. In many European countries, it is possible to trade electricity until shortly before the period of delivery on so called intraday electricity markets. In the present work, the potential for reducing the electricity costs by trading on the intraday market is investigated using the example of the German market. Based on simulations, the authors reveal that by optimizing the charging schedule together with the trading on the intraday electricity market, the costs can be reduced by around 8% compared to purchasing all the required energy from the energy supplier. By allowing the charging station operator to resell the energy to the intraday electricity market, an additional cost reduction of around 1% can be achieved. Besides the potential cost savings, the impacts of the trading unit and of the lead time of the intraday electricity market on the costs are investigated. The authors reveal that the achievable electricity costs can be strongly affected by the lead time, while the trading unit has only a minor effect on the costs.
Highlights
The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) makes the operation of public charging stations—for example, at shopping malls—a more and more interesting business case
Different approaches for reducing the operating costs of such charging stations are proposed, like providing capacity to the frequency regulation market [1,2,3], using the batteries of the EVs to shave the peak of an additional base load [4,5], employing renewable energy resources [6,7] or shifting electricity consumption to off-peak periods of time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates [8,9]
We evaluated the charging of EVs with trading on the intraday electricity market according the given mixed-integer linear program (MILP) formulation
Summary
The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) makes the operation of public charging stations—for example, at shopping malls—a more and more interesting business case. Different approaches for reducing the operating costs of such charging stations are proposed, like providing capacity to the frequency regulation market [1,2,3], using the batteries of the EVs to shave the peak of an additional base load [4,5], employing renewable energy resources [6,7] or shifting electricity consumption to off-peak periods of time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates [8,9]. Numerous publications investigate the charging of EVs with trading on the day-ahead market [10,11,12,13,14,15]. An intelligent trading on the day-ahead market can lead to a significant reduction of the electricity costs arising from charging EVs. it is hard to realize in practice, since it requires the knowledge or at least a good prediction of the energy requirements of the EVs that have to be charged on the day
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