Optimal Bidding Model for an Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Abstract

Considering the uncertainties of the behavior of electric vehicles and the bidding of other participants in the market, the light robustness bidding model for the electric vehicle (EV) aggregator in the day-ahead market is constructed. The model is a bi-level model, with the upper level model representing cost minimization of the EV aggregator, whereas the lower level model representing market clearing providing market price and bidding energy for the upper level model. Bids of other market participants and electric vehicle driving pattern were not known to the EV aggregator in advance. They were seen as uncertain variables. A numerical example was used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Through the example analysis, the cost of the EV aggregator under different circumstances are compared.