Abstract
In this work, a strategy for scheduling a battery energy storage system (BESS) in a renewable energy community (REC) is proposed. RECs have been defined at EU level by the 2018/2001 Directive; some Member States transposition into national legislation defined RECs as virtual microgrids since they still use the existing low voltage local feeder and share the same low-medium voltage transformer. This work analyzes a REC which assets include PV generators, BESS and non-controllable loads, operating under the Italian legislative framework. A methodology is defined to optimize REC economic revenues and minimize the operation costs during the year. The proposed BESS control strategy is composed by three different modules: (i) a machine learning-based forecast algorithm that provides a 1-day-ahead projection for microgrid loads and PV generation, using historical dataset and weather forecasts; (ii) a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm that optimizes the BESS scheduling for minimal REC operating costs, taking into account electricity price, variable feed-in tariffs for PV generators, BESS costs and maximization of the self-consumption; (iii) a decision tree algorithm that works at the intra-hour level, with 1 min timestep and with real load and PV generation measurements adjusting the BESS scheduling in real time. Validation of the proposed strategy is performed on data acquired from a real small-scale REC set up with an Italian energy provider. A 10% average revenue increase could be obtained for the prosumer alone when compared to the non-optimized BESS usage scenario; such revenue increase is obtained by reducing the BESS usage by around 30% when compared to the unmanaged baseline scenario.
Highlights
Energy Communities are one of the several legislative and policy tools that could enable the EU citizens to be an active part in the so-called clean energy transition, as fostered by the clean energy package (CEP) [1]
The CEP is a set of eight regulations and directives that aims at shaping the EU energy policies, with an overall target for a 40%
This renewable energy community (REC) is operated under the framework set by Italian Law n.8 28/02/2020, M.D
Summary
Energy Communities are one of the several legislative and policy tools that could enable the EU citizens to be an active part in the so-called clean energy transition, as fostered by the clean energy package (CEP) [1]. The 2019/944 directive on common rules for the internal electricity market [5] includes new rules to make it easier for citizens to interact with the electricity system as active participants and to improve the uptake of energy communities. Such market participation could be related to the generation, consumption, share or sale of electricity, as well as to the provision of flexibility services through demand-response and storage; all these activities could be done individually or through citizen energy communities. The 2018/2001 revised renewable energy directive (RED II) aims to strengthen the role of renewables self-consumers and renewable energy communities, as defined in Art. 22, with a specific attention to household consumers [4]
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