Optimal Battery Energy Storage Size Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Microgrid System

Abstract

This paper presents the method to evaluate the optimal size of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for the microgrid based on load frequency control. The novel optimization and control algorithm considering load shedding as dynamic demand response has been proposed with the combination of the optimal size of BESS in order to control the system frequency of the microgrid. The feasibility of using optimal BESS with load shedding is proposed when the microgrid is disconnected from the main utility grid. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is developed and presented to determine the optimal size, and to achieve the lowest total cost of BESS in the microgrid. Results show that the optimal size of BESS-based PSO with load shedding can achieve higher performance of dynamic stability compared to the optimal size of BESS-based analytic algorithm with load shedding. At the same time, the sizing methods also evaluated the impact of BESS specified costs with different storage technologies for the microgrid system. The total costs of BESS were demonstrated and compared.