Abstract
Patients who undergo abdominal surgery under general anesthesia develop hypothermia in 80–90% of the cases within an hour after induction of anesthesia. Side effects include shivering, bleeding, and infection at the surgical site. However, the surgical team applies forced air warming to prevent peri-operative hypothermia, but these methods are insufficient. This study aimed to confirm the optimal application method of forced air warming (FAW) intervention for the prevention of peri-operative hypothermia during abdominal surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide a synthesized and critical appraisal of the studies included. We used PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL to systematically search for randomized controlled trials published through March 2020. Twelve studies were systematically reviewed for FAW intervention. FAW intervention effectively prevented peri-operative hypothermia among patients undergoing both open abdominal and laparoscopic surgery. Statistically significant effect size could not be confirmed in cases of only pre- or peri-operative application. The upper body was the primary application area, rather than the lower or full body. These findings could contribute detailed standards and criteria that can be effectively applied in the clinical field performing abdominal surgery.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines [21] to confirm the optimal application methods of forced air warming for preventing peri-operative hypothermia during abdominal surgery
Several studies were conducted on SR and guidelines for the overall surgery regarding the effects of forced air warming (FAW) intervention, few could provide specific evidence for the type of surgery with substantial diversity
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Peri-operative hypothermia refers to a state wherein the central body temperature is lowered to 36 degrees or less [1]. 25–90% of patients [2] as a common postoperative complication with adverse effects, such as shivering, bleeding, coagulation disorder, surgical site infection, heart dysfunction, and delayed recovery during the postoperative recovery period [3]. Peri-operative hypothermia is induced by a wide variety of influencing factors, such as operation type, anesthesia type, anesthetic agent, operating room temperature, irrigation fluids, and intravenous fluids [4]
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