Optimal Allocation of Virtual Inertia and Droop Control for Renewable Energy in Stochastic Look-Ahead Power Dispatch

Abstract

To stabilize the frequency of the renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power system, frequency supports are required by RESs through virtual inertia emulation or droop control in the newly published grid codes. Since the long-term RES prediction involves significant errors, we need online configure the frequency control parameters of RESs in a rolling manner to improve the operation economics under the premise of stabilizing system frequency. To address this concern, this paper proposes a frequency constrained stochastic look-ahead power dispatch (FCS-LAPD) model to formulate the frequency control parameters of RESs and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) as scheduling variables, which can optimally allocate the virtual inertia and droop coefficient of RESs and ESSs. In this FCS-LAPD model, the uncertainties of RESs are characterized using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The required reserves are determined by frequency control parameters, and the reserve cost coefficients are adjusted properly to allocate the reserves according to the predicted power generation. Due to the nonlinearity of the frequency nadir constraint, a convex hull approximation method is proposed to linearize it with guaranteed feasibility. The proposed FCS-LAPD is ultimately cast as an instance of quadratic programming and can be efficiently solved. Case studies on modified IEEE 24-bus system and a provincial power system in China are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.