Abstract
The integration of distributed generation (DG) into the power grid has increased in recent years due to its techno-economic benefits for utilities and consumers. However, due to the fact that distribution systems were not originally designed to accommodate such DG units, many challenges are being faced by utilities to seamlessly integrate them into their systems. One of the critical challenges is their effect on protection system settings and coordination. The DG units will affect the pickup current settings of the protection relays, coordination between the primary and secondary relays, and even the direction of the fault current. Failing to consider DG’s effect on the protection system may lead to serious equipment damage or system failure, causing huge financial setbacks for utilities. To that end, this work proposes a new dynamic approach to optimally allocate different types of DG units over the planning horizon. The objective is to minimize the overall costs of the system while taking into consideration the intermittent nature of renewable DG and the impacts on the protection system. Simulation results have been developed on a typical distribution system to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Highlights
The operation of electricity generation is dominated by centralized power plants, whereby power is transmitted over long distances via transmission lines
Five buses are chosen as candidate buses for SDG and photovoltaic DG (PVDG), which are 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 as in Singh, D. et al [36]
The PVDG output is modeled by five states, and the load is modeled by six states, while the energy price is modeled by three states
Summary
The operation of electricity generation is dominated by centralized power plants, whereby power is transmitted over long distances via transmission lines. Massive power loss takes place in the process of transmission and distribution. Distributed generation (DG) refers to distributed energy sources that are usually installed on the distribution network, which brings the generation unit closer to the consumer side of the network. The original purpose of installing DG units, which is one of the reasons they came into existence, is to overcome the disadvantages of the widely used centralized power generation. The allocation of DG units has been researched for the past decade due to the various benefits the DG units provide to the system [1], such as a reduction in energy losses, improving power quality and voltage profile, delay grid expansion projects, increased system reliability, and various environmental benefits. The utilized optimization technique depends on the models used to describe the system
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