Abstract
This paper aims to investigate a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) biogas on-grid energy system in Al-Ghabawi territory, Amman, Jordan. The system is accomplished by assessing the system’s reliability and economic viability. Realistic hourly measurements of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, municipal solid waste, and load demand in 2020 were obtained from Jordanian governmental entities. This helps in investigating the proposed system on a real megawatt-scale retrofitting power system. Three case scenarios were performed: loss of power supply probability (LPSP) with total net present cost (TNPC), LPSP with an annualized cost of the system (ACS), and TNPC with the index of reliability (IR). Pareto frontiers were obtained using multi-objective feasibility enhanced particle swarm optimization (MOFEPSO) algorithm. The system’s decision variables were the number of PV panels (Npv) and the number of biogas plant working hours per day (tbiogas). Moreover, three non-dominant Pareto frontier solutions are discussed, including reliable, affordable, and best solutions obtained by fuzzy logic. Double-diode (DD) solar PV model was implemented to obtain an accurate sizing of the proposed system. For instance, the best solution of the third case is held at TNPC of 64.504 million USD/yr and IR of 96.048%. These findings were revealed at 33,459 panels and 12.498 h/day. Further, system emissions for each scenario have been tested. Finally, decision makers are invited to adopt to the findings and energy management strategy of this paper to find reliable and cost-effective best solutions.
Highlights
The demand for energy resources has increased dramatically over the last few decades as a result of the industrial revolution and the world’s growing population
Three concerns are taken into consideration in the optimization of (TNPC or annualized cost of the system (ACS) with loss of power supply probability (LPSP) or index of reliability (IR)) for the on-grid system which are reliable, affordable, and best solutions
Those three concerns are considered in this research as there is a trade-off relationship between system’s reliability and economic feasibility
Summary
The demand for energy resources has increased dramatically over the last few decades as a result of the industrial revolution and the world’s growing population. Fossil fuels are considered as non-renewable energy sources that cause both environmental and human health issues. Such concerns have encouraged researchers and decision makers to find energy resources which are alternatives, and clean, environmentally. The best alternatives to fossil fuels are renewable energy (RE) resources They generate the required power from naturally replenished resources. RE resources are sustainable, affordable, global, environmentally friendly, and reliable energy supplies This helps in compensating the increasing energy demand, especially on fossil fuel sources, in few decades [4]. PV systems are considered as reliable, modular, available, and silent energy resources
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