Abstract
It is of great importance to optimize the schemes of long through-type bus lines to adapt to the urban rail transit network. Focusing on the long through-type bus lines close to metro stations, a bilevel programming model on the adjustment schemes of bus lines is proposed, taking the impacts of urban rail transit network into account. The upper level model aims at adjusting the setting decisions of stop stations and vehicle headways of bus lines to minimize the passenger travel cost and maximize the benefits of bus operators. The lower level model is a passenger flow assignment model based on Logit-SUE considering the crowding perception of passengers in bus vehicles. Moreover, the constraint of average load factor of the bus line sections is considered. Then the genetic algorithm is applied to solve the proposed model, and a numerical example is conducted to verify the effectiveness. Results show that the value of the objective function of the model is improved by 27.2%, in comparison with the original scheme. Even though the average travel cost of passengers increases slightly, the bus line operation cost and the imbalance degree of load factors are reduced by 46.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The sensitivity analyses show that it is better to divide the long through-type bus line into several separate bus lines with independent operation, respectively, under the condition of unbalanced passenger flow distribution. Meanwhile, the multiple bus lines are more adapted to the unbalanced passenger flow distribution when the weight of the benefits of the bus operators in the total objective function is bigger. Besides, the lower time value that the passengers perceive, the more passengers willing to take bus than metro trains. As the increment of the passenger time value, the combination of feeder bus lines and a longer bus line is better for passengers’ trip demand than the long through-type bus line.
Highlights
Bus and urban rail transit play very important roles in public transport network in most big cities and there are both competition and cooperation between them
According to Assumption 4, the total travel cost of the passengers can be divided into two parts: one is the total cost of the passengers who do not transfer to associated bus routes z1, and the other is the total cost of ones who transfer to the associated bus routes z2
The upper level model is solved by genetic algorithm (GA), and the lower level model is solved by Method of Successive Average algorithm (MSA)
Summary
Bus and urban rail transit play very important roles in public transport network in most big cities and there are both competition and cooperation between them. Sun et al [4] studied the optimization method of bus network design considering a new urban rail line. Some researchers [11,12,13] studied the optimization methods of public transportation network consisting of more than one mode These studies only considered the impacts of one urban rail station or a new urban rail line in the optimization, and the impacts of entire urban rail network on the long through-type bus line in the competitive trip mode were not considered. Zhu et al [16] proposed a bilevel model to solve the timetable design problem for an urban rail line considering the section loading-rates of trains. A bilevel programming model is set up to optimize the long through-type bus lines with full consideration of the impacts of the rail transit network. The final section concludes the paper and discusses future research issues
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