Abstract
Transparent antennas have been continuously developed for integration with solar cells, vehicular communications, and ultra-high-speed communications such as 5G in recent years. A transparent antenna takes advantage of spatial extensibility more so than all other antennas in terms of wide range of usable area. In addition, the production price of transparent antennas is steadily decreasing due to the development of nano-process technology. This paper reviews published studies of transparent antennas classified by various materials in terms of optical transmittance and electrical, sheet resistance. The transparent electrodes for the transparent antenna are logically classified and the transparent antennas are described according to the characteristics of each electrode. Finally, the contributions transparent antennas can make toward next-generation 5G high-speed communication are discussed.
Highlights
As nanotechnology continues to develop rapidly, antennas fabricated by transparent conductive films (TCFs) instead of conventionally used metal, i.e., copper, are being fabricated
Graphene and Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) classified as nano carbon features a much higher sheet resistance than that required for use as a transparent antenna
To use CNT film as an antenna in microwave frequencies, it is necessary to study a composite material composed of two or more materials in order to compensate necessary to study a composite material composed of two or more materials in order to compensate for the disadvantages while maintaining the advantages of one material [13,14], such as spin coating for the disadvantages while maintaining the advantages of one material [13,14], such as spin coating base graphene/single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (Rs = 280 Ω/sq, T = 90%, figure of merit (FoM) = 12.4) [15]
Summary
As nanotechnology continues to develop rapidly, antennas fabricated by transparent conductive films (TCFs) instead of conventionally used metal, i.e., copper, are being fabricated. As a kind of TCF, nano carbon (graphene, carbon nanotubes), transparent conductive oxides, conductive polymer, and metallic nanostructures (metallic nanowires, thin metal films, and patterned metal-grids) are used to design novel antennas. Since nanomaterial technology processes have progressed, the development of more sophisticated and better performance nano-patterned transparent antennas has been researched over the last decades.
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