Abstract
Infrared radiophotoluminescence was observed in NaMgF3:Tm from the X-ray-induced reduction of Tm3+ → Tm2+. The 4f13(2F5/2) → 4f13(2F7/2) Tm2+ emission only appeared after irradiation and peaked at 1130 nm where the emission energy was compressed by a factor of 1.15 times relative to isoelectronic Yb3+ in NaMgF3:Yb. The Tm2+ emission intensity increased monotonically with absorbed dose up to at least 360 Gy and the integrated intensity increased linearly up to at least 60 Gy. The Tm2+ photoluminescence could be probed non-destructively by exciting into the peak of the lowest energy 4f13 → 4f125d1 band at 450 nm, and destructively probed using stimulation at 280 nm, whereupon the photo-induced oxidation Tm2+ → Tm3+ occurred. Additionally, Tm3+ optically stimulated luminescence was observed after irradiation when stimulating into the F-centre absorption band at 340 nm. The optically reversible radiophotoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence phenomena have potential applications in radiation dose monitoring and optical information storage.
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