Abstract
A novel square cross-section U Rod refractometer has shown the potential for providing a simple and cheap sensor for use in the food processing industries. The design parameters can be optimised for accuracy of refractive index measurement and linearity. The transmission properties of the optical rays, especially non-parallel rays in the vertical and horizontal planes, as well as the more general skew rays, are discussed in this paper. Computer calculation results show that the linearity is well maintained even for non-parallel rays. Multiple reflections in the U Rod overcome the non-linear influence of non-total internal reflection and preserve output intensity linearity. Techniques to improve the accuracy of the U Rod even further are suggested.
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