Optical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Cracked Non-Glutinous Rice (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Oryza sativa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Kernels

Wataru Kouyama,Khuat Thi Thu Hien,Goro Mizutani,Takahiro Nishida,Hiroaki Miyamura,Hiroshi Hasegawa

doi:10.4236/jbnb.2016.71002

Abstract

In order to study the correlation between the cracking of rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernels and the molecular structure of the amylopectin in them, we attempted optical sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy in the C-H stretching vibration region for normal and cracked japonica non-glutinous rice kernels. The samples were Koshihikari and Nipponbare. In Nipponbare, the width of the SFG spectrum peak at 2915 cm- 1 of the cracked rice kernels was broader than that of the normal ones, while for Koshihikari there was no clear difference. The width of the 2915 cm- 1 peak is suggested to originate from the variety of the higher-order structure of the saccharide chains in amylopectin. Although this is a tentative result, this method is shown to have a potential of serving for preventing the cracking of the rice kernels.

Highlights

High temperature in summer causes rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernels to crack and eventually break into pieces in-How to cite this paper: Kouyama, W., Nishida, T., Hien, K.T.T., Mizutani, G., Hasegawa, H. and Miyamura, H. (2016) Optical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Cracked Non-Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels
The starch is composed of two components of homopolymers: amylose, a linear polymer of 1000 linked glucose molecules, and amylopectin, a high branching polymer of 10,000 - 100,000 linked glucose molecules [2] [3]
(1), by a least square fitting method with a mathematical software IGOR [13]. χSFG is the nonlinear susceptibility of sum frequency generation (SFG), and χNR is a background term of non-resonant nonlinear susceptibility

Summary

Introduction

High temperature in summer causes rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernels to crack and eventually break into pieces in-How to cite this paper: Kouyama, W., Nishida, T., Hien, K.T.T., Mizutani, G., Hasegawa, H. and Miyamura, H. (2016) Optical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Cracked Non-Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels. High temperature in summer causes rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernels to crack and eventually break into pieces in-. (2016) Optical Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Cracked Non-Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels. Such bad rice gives a big economic damage to farmers and the investigation and removal of such problems are very important. The cause of the cracked rice occurrence is suggested to be irregular development of starch in the rice kernels. The starch is composed of two components of homopolymers: amylose, a linear polymer of 1000 linked glucose molecules, and amylopectin, a high branching polymer of 10,000 - 100,000 linked glucose molecules [2] [3]. The molecule allows for a lot of functional properties according to the variety of its structure [4]

Methods

Results

Conclusion