Abstract
Optical studies of the penetration of protons, deuterons and α-particles (energy range 2–18 MeV) in helium, neon and argon gas targets have been made. The beam was photographed in the light emitted by atoms of the target gas. Through an interferometric arrangement, interferograms of the target gas were recorded showing variations in the refractive index of the gas caused by the particle beam. An asymmetric density reduction in the beam volume was seen in the form of an increased penetration range as a function of the vertical position in the beam. This density reduction was studied as a function of the beam current. The asymmetric density reduction is due to an upward gravitational transport of the heated gas in the target chamber. Estimates of the vertical temperature distributions were made from the recorded interferograms.
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