Optical solitons in (1 + 1) and (2 + 1) dimensions

Abstract

This paper addresses the nonlinear Schrödinger's equation that serves as the model to study the propagation of optical solitons through nonlinear optical fibers. The main focus of this paper is the aspect of integrability. There are a couple of integration tools that are employed to obtain the exact solutions to the model. Fan's F-expansion approach is applied to extract several forms of solutions to the model. This integration mechanism displays cnoidal waves, snoidal waves and several other solutions; needless to mention that these solutions, in the limiting case, leads to bright, dark and singular soliton solutions. The study then rolls over to the (2+1)-dimensions where, in addition, the semi-inverse variational principle is applied to extract a bright soliton solution, along with the necessary constraint conditions. There is also a display of several numerical simulations.