Abstract
The ARIADNE Experiment, utilising a 1-ton dual-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), aims to develop and mature optical readout technology for large scale LAr detectors. This paper describes the characterisation, using cosmic muons, of a Timepix3-based camera mounted on the ARIADNE detector. The raw data from the camera are natively 3D and zero suppressed, allowing for straightforward event reconstruction, and a gallery of reconstructed LAr interaction events is presented. Taking advantage of the 1.6 ns time resolution of the readout, the drift velocity of the ionised electrons in LAr was determined to be 1.608 ± 0.005 mm/μs at 0.54 kV/cm. Energy calibration and resolution were determined using through-going muons. The energy resolution was found to be approximately 11% for the presented dataset. A preliminary study of the energy deposition (dEdX) as a function of distance has also been performed for two stopping muon events, and comparison to GEANT4 simulation shows good agreement. The results presented demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, and its application is discussed in the context of the future kiloton-scale dual-phase LAr detectors that will be used in the DUNE programme.
Highlights
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) have been an indispensable type of particle detector for over 40 years and have only continued to grow in size and sophistication
The ARIADNE (ARgon ImAging DetectioN chambEr) Experiment is based around a 1-ton dual-phase LArTPC
The project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of optical readout of LArTPCs on a large scale and develop an ongoing program for the characterisation and maturation of such technology
Summary
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) have been an indispensable type of particle detector for over 40 years and have only continued to grow in size and sophistication. The ARIADNE (ARgon ImAging DetectioN chambEr) Experiment is based around a 1-ton dual-phase LArTPC. Using this detector, the project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of optical readout of LArTPCs on a large scale and develop an ongoing program for the characterisation and maturation of such technology. The THGEM amplification process produces secondary scintillation light—typically hundreds of photons per electron [12,13,14] This light can be detected by modern optical imaging devices, which can be sensitive at the single-photon level. This paper will describe and discuss the optical readout of ARIADNE using a Timepix3-based camera Such a device was previously used by the authors to demonstrate optical readout of a TPC containing low pressure CF4 [19], and the results presented here represent a direct continuation of those studies. A study of the energy deposition of stopping muons is presented
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