Abstract
We review the schemes which have been implemented, in order to achieve quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements in the optical domain. The simplest schemes can be obtained using the optical Kerr effect, which yields a crossed-phase modulation coupling between two light beams. Other schemes use either independently generated squeezed light, or coupled-mode parametric amplifiers. These various schemes can be characterized using three criteria, which described respectively the quality of the quantum measurement, the nondestruction of the signal, and the ability of the device to prepare the output beams in a correlated quantum state (“quantum-state preparation”, or QSP criterion). Then we present in more detail an experimental implementation of QND measurements, using three-level atoms inside a doubly resonant optical cavity.
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