Abstract
We investigate the optical force on the nonlinear nanoparticles with gain based on nonlinear Mie theory and Maxwell’s stress tensor method. For the nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) = 0 (i.e., the linear nanoparticle), the threshold gain to obtain the optical pulling force increases when the permittivity of the surrounding medium εm deviates from the real part of the permittivity of the nanoparticles εcr. For χ(3) > 0, one or two threshold fields exist for the switch of optical pulling and pushing force. However, for χ(3) < 0, only one threshold field is found. Moreover, the optical pulling force may be enhanced by tuning the incident field intensity. Our results for the optical force on the nonlinear nanoparticle will have potential applications in nonlinear optical manipulations and optical transportation.
Highlights
Optical force, coming from momentum exchange between a light beam and matter, has received much attention.1–5 It was found that the light beam can trap micro/nanoparticles,6–10 and even particles are pulled toward the light source by the optical pulling force.11–14 The optical pulling force may be achieved by the Bessel beam,15–17 Gaussian beam,18 and other tractor beams
We investigate the optical force on the nonlinear nanoparticles with gain based on nonlinear Mie theory and Maxwell’s stress tensor method
We note that most of the previous research studies focus on the linear optical force, in which the nonlinear properties are not taken into account
Summary
Optical force, coming from momentum exchange between a light beam and matter, has received much attention. It was found that the light beam can trap micro/nanoparticles, and even particles are pulled toward the light source by the optical pulling force. The optical pulling force may be achieved by the Bessel beam, Gaussian beam, and other tractor beams. It was found that the light beam can trap micro/nanoparticles, and even particles are pulled toward the light source by the optical pulling force.. The researchers tried to enhance the optical pulling force on account of the resonances. Obtained giant optical pulling forces originating from Fano resonance in gain coated nanoparticles.. We note that most of the previous research studies focus on the linear optical force, in which the nonlinear properties are not taken into account. We would like to adopt nonlinear Mie theory with Maxwell’s stress tensor method to investigate the nonlinear optical force with gain under the incident plane wave. Maxwell’s stress tensor results in the nonlinear optical force on the nanoparticles. Owing to the special property of nonlinearity, the optical pulling force is achieved and can be even enhanced by optimizing the incident electric field. The optical pushing and pulling force on the nanoparticle will be exchanged by adjusting the incident electric field around the threshold field, at which one yields the zero optical force
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