Optical properties of interacting Si nanoclusters in SiO 2 fabricated by ion implantation and annealing

Abstract

A novel method for the fabrication of luminescent Si nanoclusters in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix by ion implantation and annealing, and the detailed mechanisms for the photoluminescence from implanted Si nanoclusters are reported. We have measured dose (concentration of excess Si atoms), annealing time and excitation energy dependence of the photoluminescence of Si nanoclusters in SiO 2 layers. The samples were fabricated by Si ion implantation into SiO 2 and subsequent high temperature annealing. After annealing, a photoluminescence band below 1.7 eV has been observed. The peak energy of the photoluminescence is found to be independent of annealing time and excitation energy, while the intensity of the luminescence increases as the annealing time and excitation energy increase. Moreover, we found that the peak energy of the luminescence is strongly affected by dose of implanted Si ions especially in the high dose range. These results indicate that the photons are absorbed by Si nanoclusters, for which the band-gap energy is modified by the quantum confinement effects, and the emission is not simply due to direct electron-hole recombination inside Si nanoclusters, but is related to defects probably at the interface between Si nanoclusters and SiO 2, for which the energy state is affected by Si cluster–cluster interactions. It seems that Si nanoclusters react via a thin oxide interface and the local concentrations of Si nanoclusters play an important role in the peak energy of the photoluminescence.