Abstract
The optical characteristics of two different brands of India ink, Parker Quink and Pelikan, as an absorber used in preparation a tissue-simulating phantom, have been investigated at visible wavelength range. For this purpose, a single integrating sphere system and a spectrophotometric transmission spectroscopy have been used to estimate the radiometric characteristics. Then, inverse adding-doubling algorithm was implemented to retrieve the optical coefficients of pure ink samples. Parker ink's absorption behavior turned out to incompatible with Pelikan over the present wavelength range. Furthermore, scattering property of both two brands has been exhibited and the albedo was calculated. Parker albedo showed a decremental behavior with wavelength and varied between 0.381 and 0.13. A structural profile of albedo was found for Pelikan, which varied between 0.366 and 0.03. This discrepancy might be explained by the variety of two brands composition besides experimental errors. Furthermore, Parker ink absorption variation turned out to be in correspondence to several tissues' absorption feature over broad wavelength ranges. Finally, Parker ink could be regarded as a better candidate to mimic absorption property for several tissues.
Highlights
In recent decades, optical methods have become widely used in biomedical diagnostics and therapies because of the applicability of light to non-destructively penetrate into a tissue
The optical characteristics of two different brands of India ink, Parker Quink and Pelikan, as an absorber used in preparation a tissue-simulating phantom, have been investigated at visible wavelength range
The results given in this paper were an attempt to investigate the optical properties of Parker and Pelikan inks as absorption components in solid and liquid optical phantoms
Summary
Optical methods have become widely used in biomedical diagnostics and therapies because of the applicability of light to non-destructively penetrate into a tissue. All prior research groups that aimed to characterize the optical properties of India ink, showed the possibility of inter-brand and inter-batch variations as well as the existence of ink scattering property [5,6,7,8]. Madeson et al investigated deeply two different brands of ink (Higgins and Regal) and measured extinction coefficient, anisotropy factor and albedo of these samples via spectral characteristics [5]. The scattering coefficient had been obtained and the albedo of these samples was 0.29 and 0.43 besides to inter-brand and inter-batch variations [5]. There are particular brands of India ink such as Pelikan, Rotring and Higgins that have been examined extensively and characterized optically [5,6,7,8]. This method repeatedly solves the radiative transfer equation until the solution and the measured values of radiometric characteristics be the same [11]
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