Abstract
The use of nanoparticle photothermal effect as adjuvants in neuromodulation has recently received much attention, with many open questions about new nanostructures' effect on the action potential. The photothermal properties of hexagonal gold nanoparticles are investigated in this work, including the absorption peak wavelength and light-heat conversion rate, using both experimental and simulation methods. Furthermore, the ability to use these nanostructures in axonal neural stimulation and cardiac stimulation by measuring temperature changes of gold nano-hexagons under 532 nm laser irradiation is studied. In addition, their thermal effect on neural responses is investigated by modeling small-diameter unmyelinated axons and heart pacemaker cells. The results show that the increase in temperature caused by these nano-hexagons can successfully stimulate the small diameter axon and produce an action potential. Experiments have also demonstrated that the heat created by gold nano-hexagons affects toad cardiac rhythm and increases T wave amplitude. An increase in T wave amplitude on toad heart rhythm shows the thermal effect of nano hexagons heat on heart pacemaker cells and intracellular ion flows. This work demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing these nanostructures to create portable and compact medical devices, such as optical pacemakers or cardiac stimulation.
Highlights
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are absorbing from the fundamental science point of view as well as in applications such as optics, medicine, clinical diagnosis, and therapy due to their localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs)[1,2,3]
The properties of LSPR include resonance wavelength and spectral range, which vary depending on the shape, such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanobars, nanostars, nanoprisms, nanocrystals, and the size of the plasmonic NPs [4,5,6]
Cause primary underlying mechanism of infrared neural stimulation is based on thermal effects, so nano heaters can be helpful for enhancing the photothermal effect
Summary
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are absorbing from the fundamental science point of view as well as in applications such as optics, medicine, clinical diagnosis, and therapy due to their localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs)[1,2,3]. The properties of LSPR include resonance wavelength and spectral range, which vary depending on the shape, such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanobars, nanostars, nanoprisms, nanocrystals, and the size of the plasmonic NPs [4,5,6] Among these different shapes, nanostars have displayed extraordinary properties and highly enhanced electromagnetic fields with promising applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and biodetection [7,8]. Nanostars have displayed extraordinary properties and highly enhanced electromagnetic fields with promising applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and biodetection [7,8] To guarantee these NPs in the biomedical area, intensifying local electric fields is used, especially around their tips and sharp corners [9,10] and red shifting in the resonance answer by adjusting the size of particles and corners. A two-dimensional structure based on gold nanorods helps us benefit from INS for regulating membrane depolarization [23]
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