Abstract
Optical monitoring methods need to evolve from simple optical power and spectra measurements as transparent and all-optical networks begin to be deployed. End-to-end verification of signal integrity and definitive fault localization will need to be assured by in-network monitoring of the noise, jitter and distortion of optical channels affected by optical amplifier impairments, optical nonlinearities, chromatic dispersion, polarization dispersion, and local effects of filtering, crosstalk and multipath interference in network elements. Several novel measurement techniques are described, illustrating the opportunities ahead for advanced optical monitoring.
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