Abstract
Micromanipulation of biological materials by laser trapping and laser scalpel has now become indispensable for biological studies under observation by high-resolution microscope. Piconewton-scale controlled forces given by infrared laser trapping enable us not only to analyze mechanical rigidity of filamentous macromolecules to support cellular structure but also to measure working forces to promote motor protein molecules. In contrast to such invasive infrared laser trapping, weak focused laser beam of ultraviolet or visible radiation transects biological materials or structures instantaneously and thus can serve as a micro-surgical scalpel for in-situ characterization of living cells. This article reviews recent progress in biological studies applied by these laser techniques, and also discusses the effect of laser irradiation to biological samples.
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