Abstract
An analytical model of optical gain is developed for three types of surface plasmon nano-oscillators: (i) a metal film with a gain medium nanostrip, (ii) a metal film, with nanohole, deposited on a layer of gain medium, and (iii) a nanoparticle coated with a gain medium. The operating frequency of the plasmon laser is close to surface plasmon resonance, hence the cavity size is strongly reduced. The evanescent field of the oscillator stimulates the electron–hole recombination in the gain medium, amplifying the cavity field. With electron–hole occupation probabilities in the relevant energy states in the gain medium just exceeding 50% each, the growth rate exceeds 10 13 s − 1 . The excited cavity mode acts as an oscillatory dipole to emit optical radiation.
Highlights
The surface plasma wave (SPW), supported by a conductor–dielectric interface, has an important property: as the wave frequency approaches the surface plasmon resonance, the wavelength and transverse extent of the mode resonantly shrink, confining optical frequency waves to nanodimensions, far below the diffraction limit prescribed for body waves.[1,2] This has led to the development of nanoelectronics and nano-devices into a major field[1,2,3,4,5] of research
We present theoretical analysis of optical gain in three surface plasmonic nanooscillators, (i) a metal film with a nanostrip of gain medium, (ii) a nanohole in a metal film deposited on a gain layer,[15] and (iii) a nanoparticle coated with gain medium
The surface plasmon eigenmode in the vicinity of SPW resonance, ω ∼ ωR is strongly localized near the metal–dielectric interface with αI∕αII ∼ 1 and has resonantly short wavelength
Summary
The surface plasma wave (SPW), supported by a conductor–dielectric interface, has an important property: as the wave frequency approaches the surface plasmon resonance, the wavelength and transverse extent of the mode resonantly shrink, confining optical frequency waves to nanodimensions, far below the diffraction limit prescribed for body waves.[1,2] This has led to the development of nanoelectronics and nano-devices into a major field[1,2,3,4,5] of research. Kumar et al.[14] developed a classical analytical formalism of two-layer surface plasmon laser amplifier pumped by a forward biased p–n junction. We present theoretical analysis of optical gain in three surface plasmonic nanooscillators, (i) a metal film with a nanostrip of gain medium, (ii) a nanohole in a metal film deposited on a gain layer,[15] and (iii) a nanoparticle coated with gain medium. These are the configurations experimentally studied in recent years and have promise for building arrays of nanoradiators with desired directivity and power.
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