Abstract
Optical fiber diffraction gratings with periodic structure across the fiber section and fabricated by femtosecond laser are proposed and demonstrated. The diffraction patterns can be clearly observed and greatly enhanced by adopting multiple layer gratings. An optical fiber in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be constructed by use of multiple layer diffraction grating pairs. The fiber diffraction gratings represent a new type of optical fiber device featured with high robustness, good operation stability and great potential for many photonics applications.
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