Abstract
The chapter begins with the importance of optical communication over electronic communication. The historical development of optical communication systems and their important characteristics are pointed out. Different types of optical fiber and propagation mechanisms of optical signal are explained with the basic principle of reflection and refraction of light. The different modes of signal propagation and dispersion mechanism are explained briefly. The losses of optical signal during propagation through the optical fiber are summarized. Finally, the schematic representation of prototype optical communication systems along with different optical components and their functions are described in brief.
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