Abstract
The article presents the optical diagnostics results of the selective laser melting process of single-track production. The track defects detection (such as balling effect, powder free zone formation, sparking) was shown, as well as the visualization of the independent particles consolidation in a solid track. The metal evaporation and the formation of the melt pool specific gas dynamic conditions were considered as important physical phenomena. The velocities of the particle emission from the melt pool, the rate of their involvement, and the velocity of the gas flow were estimated. The results make it possible to evaluate the kinetics of mass transfer under selective laser melting process. The surface thermal field of the laser-irradiated zone strongly influences the material qualitative characteristics after selective laser melting. The results becomes the basis for the development of optical monitoring and diagnostic systems for laser additive manufacturing processes based on the melt pool temperature online controlling.
Highlights
The first strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia consisting in the transition to the new industries is directly related to additive manufacturing i.e. to the technologies of the metal, ceramics or polymers parts 3D printing
The basis for active control systems developing is the results of the optical diagnostics of selective laser melting (SLM) process [5, 6]
Pyrometry shows qualitative changes in the workspace, but a study is almost impossible with this type of optical mean
Summary
The first strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia consisting in the transition to the new industries is directly related to additive manufacturing i.e. to the technologies of the metal, ceramics or polymers parts 3D printing. Modern additive technologies are the new paradigm for the new quality industrial product development and manufacturing [1, 2]. The rearward face of the extensive development of additive manufacturing is its limitations, such as: build material limitations, low reproducibility and low productivity [3]. The most common and prospective additive manufacturing technologies (selective laser or electron beam melting, 3D laser cladding) do not provide either sufficient process online control or quality control of the material [4]. The basis for active control systems developing is the results of the optical diagnostics of selective laser melting (SLM) process [5, 6]. The laser-irradiated area visualization and numerical simulation provides considering all physical factors and phenomena during the laser processing [11, 12]
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